China's Industrial Transfer Is Becoming Bigger And Bigger.

　　 The spatial transfer of industry is the pattern of regional development. adjustment The inevitable outcome, the relative status between regions and their mutual relations. Compete The change of competitive advantage and comparative advantage must be reflected in the spatial distribution pattern of industry and trigger a new round of industrial transfer.

Industrial transfer is also an inevitable trend in the adjustment of regional development pattern after the financial crisis. From historical experience, every big crisis will bring a reshuffle of regional development pattern. After the international financial crisis, with the upgrading of relative status of some countries and regions, the cost of labor and other factors of production is changing. This change will inevitably affect the production cost of enterprises. The allocation of production to lower cost location has become an inevitable choice for enterprises to avoid risks.

Industrial transfer is an inevitable phenomenon after the economic development to a certain stage, and is directly related to the change of external environment. In order to reduce costs, reduce risks and expand the market, enterprises will often focus on land, resources, and The labor The cost sensitive production links such as transportation will migrate to areas with relatively low cost or greater market potential. From a macro perspective, it is conducive to the adjustment and upgrading of industrial structure and the optimization of production layout.

From the reality of China's industrial transfer, the most important driving force is the cost constraint.

In recent years, due to the rapid rise of land, energy, labor and ecological environment costs, the development of labor-intensive industries and resource intensive industries has been restricted, and the pace of industrial transfer to the central and western regions has accelerated.

The change of labor cost is the most basic driving force for this round of industrial transfer. Since labor force wages remained unchanged for many years, there has been widespread "wage surge" in various regions since 2010, which greatly reduced the living space of labor-intensive industries in the eastern coastal areas. According to relevant data, the average per capita wage in Eastern 2009 was nearly 30% higher than that in the central and western regions, which directly promoted the transfer of a large number of labor-intensive enterprises to the central and western regions. At the same time, some raw materials industries such as iron and steel, petrochemical and other raw materials in the central and western parts of China have been increasing dependence on the international market due to their raw materials.

In addition to reducing costs, market expansion is also an important factor in industrial transfer. After the financial crisis, it is difficult for the external demand to return to the pre crisis level in the short term. The export processing enterprises are more focused on developing the domestic market due to the uncertainty of the international market expectations. For example, electronic and electrical appliance enterprises have set up new production bases in Chengdu and Chongqing. Apart from local preferential policies, they have taken a fancy to the market of two hundred million people in the southwest region. Some textile and garment enterprises have transferred to Henan, and are also inseparable from the market attractiveness of nearly one hundred million people in Henan.

Policy guidance is also an important factor. The push of the government's "visible hand" has promoted the process of industrial transfer. For example, in 2008, Guangdong Province promulgated the decision on promoting industrial transfer and labor transfer, which promoted the partial loss of comparative advantage in the Pearl River Delta region to Guangdong's East-West wings and northern mountainous areas. The Ministry of industry and Commerce has issued the "guiding opinions on promoting the transfer of textile industry", accelerating the transfer of textile and garment industry. Various preferential policies launched by industrial undertaking areas also have great attraction for enterprises to transfer their production capacity.

Although the central and western regions have comparative advantages in the cost of labor, land and other production factors, they are also constrained by the supporting capabilities, logistics system and soft environment. Once the low factor cost advantage is offset by the cost of logistics and transaction costs, it will lose the comparative advantage of undertaking industrial transfer.

Industry matching capability is an important bottleneck. For an enterprise, the purchasing radius of raw materials and parts is very important, which often directly affects the production cost of the enterprise. If the supporting conditions are not good, or the supporting product technology is backward, the quality can not reach the requirement, the enterprise will increase the cost by a long distance. Shortage of skilled workers is an important constraint. The wage level in the Midwest is often difficult to attract high-quality technicians and engineers, but also affects product quality and enterprises' competitiveness.

Logistics speed and logistics cost have an important impact on industrial transfer. Under the condition of intensified market competition, the life cycle of products is getting shorter and shorter, so we need to shorten the whole process of organization production, product market and market feedback. Logistics cost also directly affects the decision of enterprises to choose the place of transfer. Soft environment determines transaction costs. Local governments often attract foreign enterprises through preferential policies, but the information is opaque, inefficient and transaction costs are high, so preferential policies will be greatly reduced.

With the adjustment of the pattern of regional economic development, the scale of China's industrial transfer will be bigger and bigger.

Under the guidance of Scientific Outlook on Development, we must combine industrial transfer with adjustment and optimization of industrial structure, accelerate the transformation of economic development mode, combine with regional comparative advantages and promote regional coordinated development, and combine with resources and environment carrying capacity and promote sustainable development.